Graham has very kindly sent me a summary of his thesis work. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Psychology Department, University of Nottingham, Nottingham UK. (1976) The significance of letter position in word recognition.
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For those wanting to cite this in their own research the full reference is: Rawlinson's research might be more widely read in future. It's possible that with the publicity offered by the internet, that Dr. Indeed one rapid reader noticed only four or five errors in an A4 page of muddled text.
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This reminds me of my PhD at Nottingham University (1976), which showed that randomising letters in the middle of words had little or no effect on the ability of skilled readers to understand the text. If you know different, please let me know [matt.davis Update:
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There may be people in Cambridge, MA, USA who are responsible for this research, but I don't know of them. To my knowledge, there's no-one in Cambridge UK who is currently doing research on this topic. There are also language researchers in Phonetics, the Research Centre for English and Applied Linguistics, and at Anglia Ruskin University. There is the group where I work ( Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit), there are also groups in the Department of Experimental Psychology most notably the Centre for Speech and Language (where I used to work). There are a number of groups in Cambridge, UK doing research on language. According to a research (sic) at Cambridge University If you think I've missed something important, let me know [matt.davis Psycholinguistic evidence on scrambled letters in reading 1) aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy. Again, this is only my view of the current state of reading research, as it relates to this meme. I'm going to break down the meme, one line at a time to illustrate these points, pointing out what I think is the relevant research on the role of letter order on reading. So, the meme has some elements of truth in it, but is false in its entirety. LiversedgeĪt the same time, though, people are quite often unaware of these misspellings, and the 11% cost is smaller than would be observed for replacing letters, or for changing the order of external letters. Raeding Wrods With Jubmled Lettres There Is a Cost Most strikingly, a recent paper showed an 11% slowing when people read words with reordered internal letters: There are elements of truth in this, but also some things which scientists studying the psychology of language (psycholinguists) know to be incorrect. I've written this page, to try to explain the science behind this meme. If there's a new piece of research on reading that's been conducted in Cambridge, I thought I should have heard of it before. It struck me as interesting - especially when I received a version that mentioned Cambridge University! I work at Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, in Cambridge, UK, a Medical Research Council unit that includes a large group investigating how the brain processes language. It's been passed on many times, and in the way of most internet memes has mutated along the way. I first became aware of it when a journalist contacted a my colleague Sian Miller on 16th September, trying to track down the original source. This text circulated on the internet in September 2003. This is because the human mind does not read every letter by itself but the word as a whole. The rest can be a total mess and you can still read it without problem. According to a researcher (sic) at Cambridge University, it doesn't matter in what order the letters in a word are, the only important thing is that the first and last letter be at the right place. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. The rset can be a toatl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit porbelm.
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